As I was reading the Christian Century earlier this week, I came across an article about a specific Eastern Orthodox icon of Christ called Christ Pantocrator, which is an icon of Christ as omniscient and as the “almighty ruler and judge of all humanity.” I don’t know very much about the Eastern Church—only the broadest strokes, really. But curiosity can lead interesting places, so I read on.
The author of the article, Arthur Aghajanian, acknowledges that the idea of Christ as judge makes most modern people pretty uncomfortable—even if they’re Christian. Most of our ideas about being observed come from cameras, especially those installed or used by a government. We Americans worry about those cameras, and about privacy, and sometimes those cameras make us defensive. And this defensiveness can transfer to our sense of God always being aware of us. As Aghajanian says, “No wonder the medieval embrace of divine omniscience seems so alien to us.”
But this sense of defensiveness and that watchfulness is hostile has not always been the case. Aghajanian again: “for early Christians, the ever-watchful gaze of God was not an intrusion; it was a guiding presence that gave life meaning and direction.” In other words, the idea that you and I are and always have been in God’s view can also be felt as a comfort and a steadying presence.
But Aghajanian points out something else as well, about how we process the reality of always being observed electronically: “we don’t tremble or cry out against the faceless judgment of the digital age, because it asks for nothing.” I think he may be missing here all of the ways our data is used for political ends and for profit, but even so, he’s right about this: we feel we can opt out of what is offered in the product of data surveillance. But a person who knows God also knows that God is one from whom we can’t simply turn off the machine in order to retreat.
But hopefully a person who knows God also knows that in that constant presence there is much more than any human enterprise can offer us:
“Unlike the cold calculus of surveillance, divine judgment is not mere observation. The Pantocrator’s gaze unsettles not because it’s oppressive but because it’s intimate. We might attempt to keep God at a distance, safely divided, but the truth is neither so simple nor so comfortable. The One who walked among us, who overturned tables and wept at tombs, is the same who called forth light and set the cosmos in motion.
“To behold Christ Pantocrator is to become aware that love judges—not to condemn but to make whole. The question is no longer whether we are being watched. Every day, we submit to invisible gazes. The question is whether we will recognize the one gaze that truly sees us.”
There is such a thing as judgment, and even if we’re not comfortable when it’s directed at us, we likely know of cases where we want someone to rule something out of order and unacceptable. The genocide in Rwanda. Abuse of children. Stealing money from vulnerable older persons.
God does know everything, and we depend on that because we depend on God making things right, in God’s good time. And we depend on that, because in the end we need God to make us right, to heal us and to redeem the world from the damage we’ve inflicted, both on the world and on each other.